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Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872-1969, by John W. Cell
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William Malcolm Hailey (1872-1969) was by common consent the most distinguished member of the Indian Civil Service in the twentieth century, and one of the few raised to the peerage (1936). Going out to India in 1894, he served as the first chief commissioner of Delhi (1912-18), as Finance and then Home Member of the Viceroy's Council (1919-24), and then as Governor of the Punjab (1924-28) and the United Provinces (1928-34). As advisor to five viceroys, he was one of the most intelligent developers of the British strategy in response to the challenge of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. After leaving India he had what amounted to a second career in relation to Africa, during which he directed two editions of the African Survey (1938, 1956), wrote two important reports on British colonial administration, and served as an advisor to the Colonial Office. This is the first book-length study of Hailey's career. Its larger theme, in which the man himself played a truly amazing number of central roles, is the theme of colonialism-nationalism-decolonization: spanning more than half a century on two continents. John W. Cell, Professor of History at Duke University, has written three books in the fields of history of the British Empire-Commonwealth and comparative relations.
- Sales Rank: #9862504 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2002-08-22
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .79" w x 5.98" l, 1.17 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"Although the text is densely packed with detail, Cell keeps the major themes well in view and provides a pungent, often critical, though never unsympathetic commentary about Hailey's activies and style." Canadian Journal of History
"...meticulous and informative biography....illuminate[s] the crumbling of Victorian certainties in the face of the new world of Asian and African resurgence." C. A. Bayly, Times Literary Supplement
"Certainly Cell's conclusion is justified: that Hailey was a distinguished servant of empire, well deserving of this fully documented, thorough study, as valuable as it is readable. It will be of interest to Indianists and Africanists alike." Briton C. Busch, American Historical Review
"This important book is of particular importance for the specialist, whether of the British Empire, India, or Africa, but it is also of interest to the general reader who wants to see how the empire worked from the perspective of one of its most distinguished operatives, a man who was at the center of the British attempt to deal with the rise of nationalist movements both in India and in Africa." History
"William Malcolm Hailey, from 1936 Lord Hailey, has long needed a biographer, for msot surveys of British imperial history invoke him, citing his profound influence on the development of colonial policy, his two careers--in India and in Africa--and, in particular, his magisterial African Survey, published in two different editions in 1938 and 1956. In John W. Cell, Lord Hailey has found not only his biographer, but a scholar able to deconstruct his career and reveal it in its true dimensions, so that virtually every judgment in the sentence above stands revealed as ill-conceived." Robin W. Winks, Albion
"John Cell has pored long and with admirable results over the vast accumulation of documents from which the civil servant must be reconstructed. In fact, he makes a model contribution to the genre of administrative history with his detailed and coherent rendering of an eminent official life." Robin J. Moore, The International History Review
"...the book's focus on the life of one influential individual over a span of some three-quarters of a century gives us an intimate view of the British Empire not to be found in the standard studies of imperial policymaking at the top. For political scientists and historians alike, this book illuminates imperial politics in the days of Britain's decline in a fresh and informed manner." Journal of Interdisciplinary History
"...the definitive study of Lord Hailey. The author, a specialist in British colonial administrative history, canvassed a vast range of unpublished documents in Indian, British, and American archives, as well as printed materials needing eleven pages to list. The Cambridge University Press produced, as usual, a meticulously edited an handsome book." Don M. Creigier, Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A biography as well as an astute study
By Silvester Percival
Malcolm Hailey, who lived 97 years from 1872 to 1969, was the greatest colonial civil servant of his generation. He was born in Buckinghamshire, educated in London and at Oxford, and began his career in the Indian Civil Service after placing third in the examinations. He was often remembered in later years for his role writing the famed African Survey, but the greater part of his career – indeed, the more successful part – was spent in India, where he developed conservative, paternalistic attitudes which identified with peasants and small landowners against urban-educated elites, Hindu moneylenders, and the laissez-faire judgments of English courts in enforcing land enclosures.
His formative experience as a colonial servant was as the first colonization officer in Shahpur district, where he helped build several large-scale irrigation projects and caught plague in the process. In 1907 he began working for Indian’s finance department. “There he demonstrated the qualities that would make him a first-class administrator,” Cell writes: “an apparently unlimited appetite for work, the ability to handle massive quantities of detail without losing sight of the main points, coolness under pressure, and willingness to delegate.” Later he wrote the main report on General Dyer’s infamous massacre in Amritsar in 1919. In 1922 he moved to the Home Office where he held the task of responding to the challenge of Indian nationalism. Two governorships followed. The first was in the Punjab, until 1928, where he presided over the concluding phase of the conflict with the reformist party among the Sikhs. In 1928 he became governor of the United Provinces, often regarded as the highest position for a civil servant in India. Then came his Africa service, dominated by his involvement in the African Survey. Hailey’s task of writing a report – first intended to be brief and readable, and then to be thorough and exhaustive – caused a breakdown in his health and almost killed him. His inability to finish the project was covered up to save face, both for Hailey and the Survey, but his reputation was solidified as an expert on Africa and he was often consulted about African affairs thereafter, though he remained peripheral to official thinking.
His career as a whole spanned the era of the new imperialism, and this gives him lasting importance -- indeed this is the premise of the book. He was born the same year as Benjamin Disraeli’s Crystal Palace speech, often cited as the dawn of the new imperialism, and he died in 1969, after the empire had passed. “By the time of his retirement from India in 1934 Hailey was regarded as the twentieth century’s most distinguished civil servant. He was not so much a great Africanist as a great man who devoted his last quarter century to Africa.” “His entire career,” Cell writes in the ODNB, “like that of the empire he served, can be regarded as a series of gradual and reasonably well-prepared retreats, across decades and continents, before the insurgent, ultimately irresistible force of Asian and then African nationalism.” Ideologically he was an imperialist to the end, but in practice he served intelligently, shrewdly, rationally, and humanely (on the whole). He was a tall, grand, austere figure with a long beaked nose and a deep bass voice: one Indian boy who saw him riding in Lahore remarked that this was a man who was born to rule. He was, indeed, seriously, even obsessively, devoted to his work. “He was the embodiment of the so-called Protestant work ethic. Brilliant, quick, with a mind able to go to the heart of complex problems while keeping in touch with massive amounts of detail, as a worker he was phenomenal. As he grew older, however, the need to work, the dread of being idle even for a minute, became truly obsessive, as though he feared that if the machine ever stopped it would fall apart completely.”
The book as a whole is very good and does well in putting together his life and influence against the obstacle of his uncooperative family, which refuses to allow historians to access his personal papers. Its only shortcoming is that it lacks a conclusion in which to bring together the various strands of his life, to provide an assessment, and to comment on his greater significance to the history of British imperialism.
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