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A Defense of Abortion (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy), by David Boonin
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The central thesis of philosopher David Boonin is that the moral case against abortion can be shown to be unsuccessful on terms that critics of abortion can and do accept. Critically examining a wide array of arguments that have attempted to establish that every human fetus has a right to life, Boonin posits that all of these arguments fail on their own terms. He then argues that even if the fetus does have a right to life, abortion can still be shown to be morally permissible on the critic of abortion's own terms. Finally, Boonin considers a number of arguments against abortion that do not depend on the claim that the fetus has a right to life, including those based on the golden rule, considerations of uncertainty and a commitment to certain feminist principles, and asserts that these positions, too, are ultimately unsuccessful. The result is the most thorough and detailed case for the moral permissibility of abortion that has yet been written. David Boonin is professor of philosophy at the University of Colorado. He is the author of Thomas Hobbes and the Science of Moral Virtue (Cambridge, 1994).
- Sales Rank: #441254 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2002-11-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .83" w x 5.98" l, 1.14 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 368 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"I have never read a better examination of all the arguments that have been raised against abortion. Nor have I read a better series of counter arguments against each of these arguments." Rosemarie Tong, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
"This book is a truly wonderful piece of applied analytic moral philosophy. It considers an extremely important issue and reasons carefully, clearly, cleverly, and convincingly. The set of arguments surveyed is so complete that there is something for virtually anyone with any stake in the issue--philosophers, religious persons, feminists.... By refuting all arguments for the claim that abortion is not permissible, on grounds that the abortion critics themselves can accept.... The book is so overwhelmingly genuine and convincingly argued."
Ethics
About the Author
David Boonin is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado. He is the author of Thomas Hobbes and the Science of Moral Virtue (1994) and the prize-winning books A Defense of Abortion (2002) and The Problem of Punishment (2009), all of which were published by Cambridge University Press. He is also the author of a number of articles on issues in applied ethics and the co-editor of the popular applied ethics textbook What's Wrong? (2009).
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
The Best Book on Abortion
By infoglutton
I used this book as a way to better structure arguments for debate on abortion. It took the arguments I had, discounted them, and gave me better ones.
A background in informal logic and philosophy will certainly be helpful to the reader here. While this book is really the most comprehensive of its kind, it is not a simple read. I had to take notes just to understand some of the complexities within arguments. Fortunately, I was also able to read this with a friend, which made dense parts of the book easier.
The author is careful in framing the debate and stresses arguing on an opponent's own terms. The author explains the contrast between morally criticizable and morally permissible. Moral relevance is also an essential idea. Further, the author establishes a moraly relevant criterion by brain development that may act as a cutoff point late in pregnancy so that it is still morally impermissible to kill an infant. I recommend previewing the table of contents to get a flavor of argument structure and the arguments covered. I have not encountered a topic that was not covered in the book except for maybe ageism. However, after reading this book my reasoning was developed enough to where I practically laid out a proof as to what ageism was and was not and why it was not a valid objection.
I think this book may have been a little stronger had it looked at more than fetal rights in isolation, but rather also mention that what the question being asked is does the fetus's right to life outweigh the mother's right to her body and vice-versa. Fetal rights arguments are thoroughly explained as well as non-rights based arguments. This book has also been helpful in detailing how the logic works in analogies and why the weirdness objection is not valid. The author also takes apart the violinist analogy and explains why it is poor. Because of this book, even though I am pro-choice since I think it has a stronger argument, I can argue strongly on either side.
Even if you are pro-choice, you should make sure you are pro-choice for logical reasons. I know many pro-choice people that couldn't answer standard pro-life objections. If you are pro-life, this book will challenge all your arguments and at least make you think of the issue differently. I recommend this to anyone who takes a stance on the issue and definitely anyone interested in philosophy, informal logic, and debate.
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Finally, a book which takes body-ownership seriously
By Theodore Shulman
David Boonin's book, A DEFENSE OF ABORTION, is the first abortion-philosophy book I've read which takes the pro-choice Body-Ownership/Abortion-as-Justifiable-Homicide ("BO/JH") argument seriously. (Boonin calls it the "Good Samaritan" argument.) In a nutshell, this is the pro-choice argument which acknowledges that embryos and fetuses are human persons, entitled to the same rights that already-born persons enjoy, but claims that pregnant women are entitled to have abortions anyway, because the woman's right to control the contents of her body and her bodily life-support functions overtrumps her fetus' right to life, just as the right to control the contents of your body overtrumps the right to life of any already-born patient who may need a life-sustaining transfusion or transplant from you. According to this argument, a pregnant woman has no moral obligation to sustain and grow her pregnancy if she prefers to have it aborted, and those pregnant women who choose to grow their pregnancies and endure full-term labor and delivery are, like blood donors and organ donors, acting above and beyond the call of duty, as "good Samaritans", by providing their fetuses with benefits to which the fetuses are not intrinsically entitled.
Most of the right-to-lifist abortion-philosophy books I have seen, particularly Beckwith's and Klusendorf's and Alcorn's and George's books, focus on showing fetal personhood, and give the BO/JH argument only a brief and cursory treatment. But the BO/JH argument, not the personhood argument, is the argument which right-to-lifers must answer in order to justify preventing abortion by force or by law. Showing that fetuses and embryos are persons with rights may support the claim that pregnant women ought to choose to grow their pregnancies, but it cannot prove that they should be compelled by force or by law to do so, unless the BO/JH argument can be convincingly answered.
The BO/JH argument was first popularized in 1971 by Professor Judith Jarvis Thomson's essay "A Defense of Abortion" (from which Boonin gets this book's title), in which she compares the fetus to a hypothetical violinist with temporary kidney failure, who needs to connect his bloodstream to yours in order that your kidneys may maintain the homeostasis of his blood, for nine months. Just as your ownership of your body would be entitle you to unplug yourself from the violinist, thereby causing him to die, so, Thomson argues, women are entitled to abort their pregnancies even though fetuses are persons.
Boonin spends almost half of his book discussing the BO/JH argument and defending it from the objections which right-to-lifers typically raise against it. The objections he answers include the "Tacit-Consent" objection, the "Responsibility" objection, the "Killing-vs-Letting-Die" objection, the "Intending-Death-vs-Foreseeing-Death" objection, the "Stranger-vs-Offspring" objection, the "Adult-vs-Infant" objection, the "Different-Burdens" objection, the "Organ-Ownership" objection, the "Child-Support" objection, the "Extraction-vs-Abortion" objection, the "Duty-to-Save-the-Violinist" objection, and what he calls the "Feminist" objection. (Significantly absent is the "Naturalness" objection which I have frequently encountered, in which the right-to-lifer claims that women should be forced to grow their pregnancies and endure full-term labor and delivery against their wills, because pregnancy is "natural" and inducing abortion goes against a hypothesized teleological "order of Nature". I don't know why Boonin neglects to give this objection, which is a relatively easy one to answer, its own section in the book.)
Boonin's defenses against these objections are often very technical, and involve fanciful thought-experiments, but his answers are readable, well-researched, and for the most part convincing. Boonin is conscientious about defending the BO/JH argument from all these right-to-lifist objections on the right-to-lifers' own terms, using their own assumptions. Too much so, in fact. One of my objections while reading this book was that Boonin treats right-to-lifers too gallantly, often giving their arguments more indulgence than they deserve, bending over backward in his effort to show that those arguments can be defeated on their own terms. For instance, he spends almost ten pages defending the violinist metaphor from what he calls the "weirdness objection": the complaint, which some of his undergrad students apparently make, that the violinist-analogy is simply too weird to be convincing.
Another objection I had to Boonin's treatment of the BO/JH argument is that he is too much married to Thomson's essay. Sure the essay is historically important, but the BO/JH argument can be stated more concisely and convincingly without drawing the problematic metaphor between a fetus and Thomson's violinist, and without needing to defend that metaphor from its obvious objections. One need only state that just as the medical right to control the contents of ones body and its life-support functions, and to avoid medical/surgical trauma, overtrumps the needs of already-born patients, so it should overtrump the rights of unborn patients as well.
For clarity, thorough research, and readability, and for giving the BO/JH argument the attention it deserves, I give this book four stars out of five.
16 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
A Helpful Reader For Intermediate Ethicists
By Katherine Katsenis
The philosophical issue of abortion has been plagued with the difficulty of situating itself in a way whereby it can be successfully discussed. Often, proponents from a rights-based platform do battle against opponents from a moral-wrong platform and no claims are held in common. Thus, discussions in the literature tend to go past one another making the abortion issue nearly impossible to navigate. Boonin's book begins with a chapter where this problem is addressed and managed, at least to a degree whereby the dozens of arguments concerning abortion can be classified or organized in a logical sequence. He then proceeds to dismiss all arguments against abortion using claims the opponent of abortion accepts.
Boonin uses the Rawlsian approach of reflective equilibrium in his analysis of the abortion issue. Chapters 2-4 concern "rights-based" arguments and the final chapter addresses "non-rights" based arguments. This text is written in true analytic form where non-obvious distinctions are noted and used to clarify weaknesses in all arguments which claim abortion is wrong or impermissible. What Boonin does well in the process is to provide a thorough literature review of all claims made about abortion over the last thirty years.
An overall highlight of this text includes Boonin's ability to discuss weaknesses in arguments by analogy. For example, the now classic "violinist analogy" set forth by J. Thomson, and tacit consent arguments. If you are interested in the topics of arguments by analaogy in general, you will get a kick about of this part of the text! This is a very readable text for one with an intermediate to advanced background in philosophical argument and analysis.
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